What is Periodontitis?

Early Gingivitis

Advanced Periodontitis











It is a disease which attacks the tissues which support the teeth i.e. the gum and bone. Periodontal disease is a 'silent' disease, i.e. - until teeth become loose and fall out, most people do not know they even have it, or how serious it is.

In the initial stages of periodontitis there is an appearance of gingivitis, where the gums become swollen and red, and bleed during brushing. Pockets begin to form around the teeth, which trap more plaque and bacteria. Often severe gingivitis comes along with a bad breath. If gingivitis is not treated early enough, it can cause irreversible damage to the gum and bone surrounding the tooth, as it develops into a more advanced form of periodontitis. Periodontitis is the stage after gingivitis, where in addition to the inflammation of the gum, there is also inflammation at the bone, the 'foundation' of the tooth. If periodontitis is not treated, the bone recedes to such an extent, that the teeth lose their support and they present with mobility.

How to prevent periodontitis?

The most effective method is good oral hygiene. Twice a day, it is essential to make use of basic oral hygiene tools, such as the tooth brush, dental floss and, or inter-dental brushes. It is very important to have regular dental check ups, and a scale and polish at least every 6 months. The aim is to remove calculus and toxins from the teeth, in order for the detached gingival pocket to heal and re-attach.

Patients that suffer from auto-immune disease, malnutrition, anorexia, or patients undergoing chemotherapy treatment may also develop periodontitis. In the case of anorexia the body does not absorb enough iron and vitamin C, the gums fail to heal, bone is lost and the teeth become mobile and may eventually fall out, therefore it is important to eat a balanced diet. 

Genetics also play a role in the periodontal diseases and early diagnosis is important in treating and arresting the disease.