I will attempt to explain the process of tooth decay (also known as tooth caries) in a simple way:
Unclean Tooth + food + Germs = Acid => Tooth decay => Cavities
OR
Unclean Tooth + food + Germs = Tartar => Gum disease
If the teeth are not properly brushed, acid produced by bacteria softens the tooth enamel and causes the tooth to decay. This leads to the formation of cavities. When food sticks to the teeth it forms a sticky layer called plaque. Plaque is made up of food and germs. Germs metabolize sugars and starches in food and form acids, which cause teeth to decay. If you scratch an unclean tooth with your fingernail, you remove plaque. If this plaque layer is left on the tooth for more than three days, it hardens and forms tartar (calculus), which eventually leads to gum disease (gingivitis).
Therefore, take your time when brushing your teeth, and make sure all the tooth surfaces are clean i.e. front, top and back of teeth. If you scratch your finger nail on your teeth after brushing, no plaque should appear and they should feel smooth and squeaky clean!
Brush twice a day for at least 3 minutes, in a circular motion, after breakfast and just before bed time. It should be the last thing you do before hopping in bed. At night time the mouth is drier and germs can multiply more rapidly. And don't forget to floss to remove the plaque from the in between surfaces. Flossing will reduce cavities forming in between the teeth. Don't forget to brush your tongue to remove even more bacteria and freshen your breath. Happy brushing!
Dr. Elena Demetriou
Paphos dentist